New 4′-substituted benzoyl-β-D glycoside from the fruit pulp of Terminalia belerica with antiplatelet and antioxidant potency

BACKGROUND The fruit Terminalia belerica is a rich source of vitamins, acids, and nutraceuticals which have free radical scavenging activity. Thus, the ethanolic extract of fruit and its isolated compound (Tb-01) were intended to estimate antiplatelet and antioxidant activities. METHODS The ethanolic extract was submitted to Si-gel CC and the compound was isolated. The compound Tb-01 was characterized as benzoyl-β-D-(4'→10″ geranilanoxy)-pyranosides on the basis of spectral data [ultra violet (UV), infrared (IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy] and chemical analyses. The ethanolic extract and Tb-01 at different concentrations were in vitro screened for antiplatelet and antioxidant activity. The antiplatelet activity was carried out by using platelet rich plasma prepared by centrifugation of rabbit whole blood (containing 0.9% sodium citrate as anticoagulant) and antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, and nitric oxide anion scavenging activity models. RESULTS The compound Tb-01 was an amorphous brownish powder, yield 0.64% (w/w), melting point 105-110 °C, Retardation factor/Retention Value (R f value) at 0.42 in methanol:chloroform (20:80) solvent system, UV absorption maxima at 243 nm, and molecular peak [M + H]+ at 394.15 m/z. It was observed that the ethanolic extract and Tb-01 at different concentrations showed significant antiplatelet and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity, like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, nitric oxide radical, and reductive power were found to be concentration-dependent and increased when increasing amounts of sample were used. CONCLUSION Mass spectra and 1H NMR confirmed the isolated compound structure which was supported by 13C NMR and IR spectra. Tb-01could be promising for future applications in the treatment of blood clots, pulmonary embolism, and other related diseases.